This is part of a series with Perfect Earth Project, a nonprofit dedicated to toxic-free, nature-based gardening, on how you can be more sustainable in your landscapes at home.
It can get hot in New Orleans, really hot—and really humid. Climate change can cause drought one month, followed by floods the next. Then there are insect and disease pressures, the proliferation of of invasive plants, frequent epic storms. What’s a historic garden to do? Longue Vue, Perfect Earth Project’s newest Pathways to PRFCT partner, is trying to stay ahead by being proactive with care. And in doing so, they have become a model of sustainability.
In 2020, the designated National Historic Landmark, designed by pioneering landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman in the early 20th century, committed to be toxic-free—no chemical pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or fertilizers. They have banned leaf blowers. They have almost entirely converted from gas-powered equipment to electric (and hope to be 100 percent electric by next year). They leave as much biomass on the property as possible. And they have a dedicated Integrated Plant Care Gardener (what a great title!), Simeon Benjamin, who holistically tends to the garden. Below, he shares tip on how you, too, can maintain a beautiful and toxin-free landscape.
Photography by Diego Bernal for Longue Vue, unless otherwise noted.
1. Inspect your garden weekly.
“Get to know your plants,” says Benjamin. And not just what conditions a plant needs, like hours of sun or water requirements, but also what pests it might be susceptible to. “This way you’ll know what to be on the lookout for.” He starts each day walking through Longue Vue with keen eyes. For home gardeners, he suggests doing this once every week or two, taking notes to keep track of any changes you might see. Look for anything out of the ordinary, like yellowing, brown, or dead leaves, or white powder dusting the foliage. “And don’t forget to look underneath the leaves,” reminds Benjamin. “Many pests like to hide under there.”
2. Monitor the issue.
When Benjamin spots something abnormal, he begins with a wait-and-see approach. “I research the plant to see what pest it could be if I can’t easily identify it,” he says. If a home gardener can’t figure out the problem, he suggests contacting the local cooperative extension to help with the diagnosis. (In Louisiana, Benjamin recommends LSU AgCenter Agent or The Plant Diagnostic Center). “I then monitor the plant each and every week to see if the damage level is enough for me to take action, or if something like a ladybug or lacewing will turn up and take care of it for me,” he says.
3. Begin with the least aggressive course of action.
When it comes to action, he’ll start with the least aggressive approach and work his way up as necessary. He’ll remove pests like aphids physically with his hands. Or when the tea scale infests a camellia, for example, he’ll use a hose to remove them or clip off heavily damaged branches to prevent spread. If all else fails, he will apply Ferti-lome or All Seasons Horticultural oil judiciously to the area, and only in the early morning since sun and oil will cause the plant to burn. Everything is done in moderation. If nothing fixes the problem, like a pervasive root rot, he’ll remove the affected plants, solarize the soil by covering the area with plastic for weeks, and start afresh, bringing in new soil and feeding it with nutrients and microorganisms.
4. Raise an insect task force.
When you court pollinators, you’re also creating a powerful insect army right on your property. “We have a pollinator garden and lots of native plants around the property,” says Benjamin. “Together, they create a welcoming biodiverse home with food and shelter for beneficial insects.” Ladybugs and assassin bugs devour aphids. Non-stinging parasitic wasps, which are attracted to plants with tiny, nectar-rich flowers and herbs, target cutworms and mealybugs. When Benjamin sees insects like these in action, he lets them handle the job. “I love that we are growing a site-wide biological control.”
5. Prioritize prevention.
“A lot of pests attack plants when they are weak and have poor nutrient care,” says Benjamin. “Healthy plants have resistance and will fight back.” Since this historic garden includes an array of plants from all over the world with various cultural needs, Benjamin and the horticultural team have to be more hands-on with care to help them thrive in Southern Louisiana’s climate. (The Louisiana native plants growing in the garden, on the other hand, require much less effort from the gardeners and are also less susceptible to pests.) To make sure the historic, non-native plants and trees stay healthy, Benjamin feeds the soil with compost and regular applications of organic seaweed and molasses from MicroLife, an organic biological fertilizer company. “They have a high nutrient content and feed the microorganisms in the soil,” he says of these fertilizers. Since he’s been applying these nutrients regularly to plants like camellias, azaleas, and citrus, he’s seen fewer instances of pests and disease. He also applies a monthly foliar microorganism treatment called Liquid AF, also from MicroLife, from May to October, which acts as a protection against pathogens, like powdery mildew.
6. Be persistent when it comes to weeds.
Benjamin and his team are careful to stay on top of pernicious weeds. In Longue Vue’s Wild Garden, for instance, staff and volunteers focus weekly on “hotspots” of bushkiller (Cayratia japonica), a vine that has taken over large areas there. They pull it out by hand and cut it to the ground with a string trimmer. (Repeated cutting to the ground will prevent photosynthesis, eventually weakening it.) Another tactic: They encourage the spread of a native grass called basketgrass (Oplismenus hirtellus). The team had previously pulled out basketgrass because they were unfamiliar with it, but after noticing that in spots where it is growing, there are fewer instances of bushkiller, they now encourage the spread of basketgrass. In larger areas with aggressive weeds where hand pulling is too time-consuming, they’ll lay down plastic for about eight weeks (in summer the temperatures in Louisiana can be steadily above 90 degrees) to smother the weeds. (See The Garden Decoder: What Is ‘Occultation’?)
7. Don’t remove fallen leaves from your property.
In the fall, Benjamin is careful to rake leaves off hardscapes, the lawns, and in areas where they might pile up too thickly and suffocate or rot plants. But he doesn’t discard them. He simply moves them to another spot in the garden, like the compost area, to give any overwintering bumble bees, leafcutter and mason bees, luna moths, fireflies, and other beneficial bugs a safe habitat. Longue Vue invites volunteers to participate in their Rake Day every September 19. They launched this program six years ago to encourage the community to stop using leaf blowers, reduce pollution and support the ecosystem.
See also:
- The Garden Decoder: What Is ‘Integrated Pest Management’?
- Ask the Expert: Conservationist Matthew Shepherd on Protecting Beneficial Insects
- Fall Gardening: 15 Ideas For What to Do With All Those Leaves
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